This book covers the period of working class socialism between the final years of the nineteenth century up to the 1930s. The book contains chapters on Industrial Unionism, Revolutionary Syndicalism and Council Communism. There are substantial chapters on Tom Mann, James Connolly, Antonio Gramsci and Rosa Luxemburg. The principal concern of the book is to analyse the history of socialism as the proletarian transformation of politics, with a view to conceiving a proletarian public life grounded in the associational space of society.