Haussmann’s re-building of Paris in the 1850s and ’60s had created an ordered city. However, the bourgeoisie used the new urban spaces as a weapon against the lower classes. This article will describe the new urban spaces of the underground and the overground: the underground is the metaphorical and literal rubbish heap for the dregs of society, and the overground limits its spatial privileges to the bourgeoisie. The two novels ‘Nana’ and ‘L’Assommoir’ demonstrate the modern underworld of the Haussmannian city, and how the mythical is a physical reality and space within modernity.