This chapter attempts to analyze the historiographical debate around agency/structure, especially focused on two current historians, Mary Fulbrook and Peter Burke. Likewise, the conception and relationship of the State within the historiography of the Cold War, seen from the perspective of structure/agent, is presented as a case study. In sum, perspectives are added to the agency/structure discussion with reference to the State and the case of the Alliance for Progress, from historiographical theory, Cold War historians, and international relations.